Reviewed by our Expat experts
Last reviewed: February 2026
Who Qualifies for PKV in Germany?
Not everyone in Germany can choose private health insurance. Here are the eligibility requirements and how they apply to expats.
The Income Threshold (Jahresarbeitsentgeltgrenze)
For employees, the key requirement is earning above the annual income threshold — the Jahresarbeitsentgeltgrenze (JAEG). For 2026, this threshold is €77,400 gross per year (approximately €6,450/month).
You must earn above this threshold for at least one full calendar year before you can switch. If you start a new job in Germany with a salary above this amount, you can opt for PKV from day one.
Important for Expats
If you're arriving in Germany with an employment contract above the threshold, you can go directly into PKV. You don't need to spend time in public insurance first.
Eligible Groups
1. High-Earning Employees
Employed professionals earning above €77,400/year. Your employer covers approximately 50% of your PKV premium, up to the maximum employer contribution.
2. Self-Employed & Freelancers
There is no income threshold for self-employed individuals and freelancers. You can choose PKV regardless of your earnings. This makes it especially attractive for freelance consultants, IT professionals, and other independent expats.
3. Civil Servants (Beamte)
Civil servants receive Beihilfe (government aid covering 50-80% of medical costs) and only need to insure the remaining portion. PKV is the standard choice and very affordable for this group.
4. New Arrivals to Germany
If you're moving to Germany and your contract puts you above the threshold, you have a window to opt into PKV before being automatically enrolled in GKV. Act quickly — this window is limited.
Who Should Stay in GKV?
PKV may not be the best choice if you:
- Plan to have a non-working spouse and multiple children (free family coverage in GKV)
- Have significant pre-existing conditions that would raise PKV premiums
- Are over 50 and haven't been in PKV before
- Expect your income to drop below the threshold in the future
Age Considerations
While there's no maximum age for joining PKV, premiums increase significantly with age. The sweet spot is switching between ages 25-40. After 55, returning to GKV becomes nearly impossible under current law.